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2023-12-28

图书名称：《东方音乐的体裁与形式》【作者】喻辉【丛书名】东方音乐学会文丛【页数】380【出版社】合肥：安徽文艺出版社,2017.02【ISBN号】978-7-5396-5942-8【价格】48.00【分类】东方音乐－国际学术会议－文集【参考文献】喻辉.东方音乐的体裁与形式.合肥：安徽文艺出版社,2017.02.图书封面：体裁与形式》内容提要：东方音乐学会成立于1986年，为我成立*早的具有国际性质的音乐学术团体之一。我国著名音乐家贺绿汀为学会题词并在成立大会上讲话。学会自成立以来先后召开过八次国际学术研讨会，吸引了来自20多个国家的数百位学者参会并发表学术研究成果。《东方音乐的体裁与形式》一书收录了经过精心挑选的国内外学者在历届东方音乐学会国际学术研讨上发表的重要研究论文，本书内容集中反映了中外音乐学家在东方音乐的体裁与形式方面研究的*学术动态和成果。...

2022-07-27 安徽文艺出版社在哪个城市 安徽文艺出版社官网

作者：胡璇出版社：上海交通大学出版社格式:AZW3,DOCX,EPUB,MOBI,PDF,TXT财务披露体裁的劝说维度（英文版）试读：前言现代企业将大量的时间和资源用于财务信息披露，即定期对外公布财务业绩。财务披露已成为现代企业交流活动的一个重要组成部分。在过去的30多年中，有越来越多的学者从一系列不同的视角对企业的财务披露实践进行了研究。从语言使用的视角出发，语言学等相关领域的研究者们对各类财务披露体裁的语言特点、交际策略等问题进行了探讨。在今天的商务背景下，财务披露体裁的功能不仅在于交流财务信息，因此不能简单地将其定义为信息类体裁。事实上，许多西方学者通过语言和话语研究，已经发现了各类财务披露文件具有潜在的宣传和劝说倾向。然而，国内学者尚未对这一领域的研究给予足够的关注，相关研究十分有限。本书研究企业年度报告这一最为常见的书面财务披露体裁。上市公司运用该体裁披露上一财年的财务信息。企业年度报告通常篇幅较长，由若干部分组成。其中一些部分主要是专业性的数据信息，例如财务报表；而另一些部分则主要由叙述性话语组成，例如主席函件、管理层分析与讨论等。这些话语可能被作者操纵，宣传公司正面的财务业绩和表现，从而使读者相信该公司良好的财务状况和未来价值。本书聚焦主席函件这一典型的年报叙述性话语，探讨这一类话语的劝说维度。本研究建立了中英文两个小型语料库：中文语料库由中国内地18家上市公司的54封主席函件组成；英文语料库由美国18家上市公司的54封主席函件组成。文本取自这些上市公司2010至2012年的年度报告。通过应用ESP（EglihforSecificPuroe）学派的体裁分析理论、古典修辞学的劝说模式以及Hylad（2005）的元话语人际模型，本书探讨了中美主席函件的语步结构（movetructure）以及两组语料为实现劝说目的所使用的语言手段。此外，还结合两国的社会文化语境，对研究中发现的跨文化异同进行了讨论。通过语步结构分析，发现中美主席函件呈现出相同的六语步结构。但是，在各语步（move）及相应步骤（te）的出现频率上存在差异。研究结果显示，尽管从表面看来主席函件实现提供信息这一交际目的，但是其同时也执行潜在的劝说功能。虽然中美主席函件在各语步的实现策略方面存在一定的差异，但共性似乎更多，体现了全球化背景下中美上市公司共有的交际实践。对中美主席函件中所使用的元话语标记语的分析表明，这些标记语在构建劝说方面发挥着重要的作用。中美公司高管都使用了各类元话语手段实现古典修辞学的三种劝说模式：逻辑诉求（logo）、信誉诉求（etho）以及情感诉求（atho），从而提升语篇的整体说服力。但是，中美主席函件所使用的大部分元话语标记语的频率和分布呈现明显不同的特点，表明两组语料在实现劝说的方式上存在明显的跨文化差异。结合相关的社会认知和文化研究，本书还对上述研究中出现的主要跨文化差异做了进一步的讨论。本书具有一定的理论和实践意义。从理论角度看，本书证明了在对劝说的研究中综合运用体裁分析理论、古典修辞学理论以及元话语理论的有效性。该分析框架可应用于其他财务披露体裁的研究。从实践角度看，本书可以帮助企业财务文件的读者培养一种批判意识，让他们认识到这些文件往往有较为隐蔽并且不易察觉的劝说倾向。另外，本书也可以帮助人们更好地理解中美企业的交流实践，为跨文化商务交流提供一定的启示。从教学视角来说，本书可以帮助商务、金融等相关学科专业的学生更好地认识财务话语中所使用的修辞策略，帮助他们提高阅读和写作这类财务文本的能力，从而为他们将来的职业实践做好准备。同时本书也可以为更新商务交流等课程的教学材料提供新的资源。本书的研究成果主要来自本人2015年初完成的博士论文。在此，首先要感谢我的博士导师俞东明教授。在三年多的博士学习生涯中，俞老师悉心指导我的学业和论文，在论文选题、研究方法和写作思路等诸多方面都给了我细致深入的指导和建议。俞老师渊博的学识和严谨的治学精神是我终生学习的榜样，激励着我在学术道路上不断前行。感谢上海外国语大学的何兆熊教授、许余龙教授、束定芳教授、梅德明教授、徐海铭教授。在攻读博士期间，我有幸聆听了他们的课程、讲座或指导，开阔了我的学术视野，拓展了我的研究思路。感谢同窗陈征、周恩等同学给予我的帮助和启发，与他们一起的各种学术讨论和分享让我受益良多。同时也要感谢我的父母和家人在读博期间给予我的理解、鼓励和支持，让我能够全身心地投入到学业之中。本书最终能够顺利出版，还要感谢上海对外经贸大学国际商务外语学院领导的关心与支持，感谢上海交通大学出版社各位编辑老师认真高效的工作，为本书的文字和编校质量提供了保证。PrefaceModeruieededicateagreatdealoftimeadreourcetofiacialdicloure,i.e.theeriodicreortigoftheirfiacialreult.Ithaecomeacrucialcomoetofcororatecommuicatio.Durigthelatthreedecadeoro,cororatefiacialdicloureracticehaveeeicreaiglyivetigatedfromavarietyofagle.Fromtheerectiveoflaguageue,cholarithefieldofliguiticadaociateddiciliehaveexloreduchiuealiguiticfeatureadcommuicatiotrategieofdifferetgereoffiacialdicloure.Itoday'uiecotext,fiacialdiclouregereareofteuedmorethaimlytocommuicatefiacialiformatio,adthucaotecategorizedamerelyiformative.Aamatteroffact,maywetercholarhavedetectedtheuderlyigromotioaladeruaivetedecyofvarioucororatediclouredocumetthroughliguiticaddicouretudie.However,littleattetiohaeeaidtothireearchfieldydometiccholar,relatedtudieeigverylimited.Thiookiquireitooeofthemotcommowrittefiacialgere-cororateaualreort（CAR）,whichiuedylitedcomaietodicloetheirfiacialiformatiodurigtheatficalyear.AtyicalCARialegthydocumetwhichcoitofeveralectio.Somearemailytechicaladumerical（uchafiacialtatemet）whileotherectio（uchachairma'letter,maagemet'dicuioadaalyi,etc.）aremorearrativeaddecritive,likelytoemaiulatedtoromotetheoitivereultofacomayoatoeruadereaderofitoudeadfutureworth.Thiookfocueochairma'letter（CL）,atyicalarrativeectiowithiCAR,adlookitotheeruaivedimeioofthityeofdicoure.Twomallcororahaveeeuiltforthireearch,oeicludig54CLiuedy18mailadChieelitedcomaieadtheothercotaiig54CLreleaedy18USlitedcomaie.TheCLareextractedfromtheaualreortulihedytheecomaieetweetheyearof2010ad2012.DrawigoESPSchool'gereaalyitheory,themeaoferuaioiclaicalrhetoricadHylad'（2005）ItereroalModelofMetadicoure,theookfirtexlorethemovetructureoftheAmericaadChieetext,adtheexamietheliguiticdeviceuedithetwoetofdataforaccomlihigtheeruaiveed.Beide,cro-culturalimilaritieadvariatioidetifieditheiquiryaredicuedwithithetwoocio-culturalcotext.Throughthemovetructureaalyi,itcaefoudthattheAmericaadChieeCLexhiitaideticalix-movetructure,utvariatioexitithefrequecieoftheixmoveadtheircorreodigte.FidigidicatethatothAmericaadChieeCLerformauderlyigeruaivefuctiothoughtheeletteraeartoerveaiformativeitetio.Deitethediffereceetweethetwocororaithetrategiethatrealizeeachmove,theimilaritieeemtodomiate,uggetigharedcommuicatioracticeofAmericaadChieelitedcomaieithecotextofgloalizatio.TheaalyiofthemetadicouremarkerueditheAmericaadChieeCLrevealthattheemarkerlayaimortatroleithecotructiooferuaio.TheyarewidelyemloyedyothAmericaadChieeexecutivetorealizethethreemeaoferuaioiclaicalrhetoric-logo,etho,adatho,thereyehacigtheoveralleruaiveeofthoeletter.However,thefrequecieadditriutioofmotoftheemarkerdilayquitedifferetcharacteriticithetwocorora,whichdemotrateotalecro-culturalvariatioithewayofattaiigeruaio.Themajorcro-culturalvariatioidetifieditheaoveivetigatioarefurtherdicuedyreferrigtoomereviouocio-cogitiveadculturaltudie.Thiookhaeveralimlicatio,fromoththetheoreticaladracticalerective.Theoretically,ithavalidatedtheeffectiveeofcomiiggereaalyitheory,claicalrhetoricadmetadicourereearchitheivetigatiooferuaio.Thiaalyticalframeworkcaeadotedtoroeitootherfiacialdiclouregereifuturetudie.Practically,thiookcahelcoumerofcororatefiacialdocumetdeveloacriticalee,makigviiletothemtheofteutleeruaiveudercurretiuchtext.Beide,italorovideiightitothecororatecommuicatioracticeiChieeadAmericaocio-culturalcotext,thucotriutigtothecro-culturaluiecommuicatio.Fromtheedagogicalerective,thiookmayheltudetmajorigiuie,fiaceadotherrelateddicilieecomemoreawareoftherhetoricaltrategieemloyedifiacialdicoure,whichmayimrovetheircaailitieofreadigadwritigtheetextadheceetterrearethemfortheirfuturerofeioalractice.Aditcaaloofferewiuttoudatetheteachigmaterialofuchcoureauiecommuicatio.Thereearchicludedithiookmailycomefrommydoctoraldiertatiocomletedi2015.Uoitulicatio,Iwouldliketoexremyareciatiotomayeolewhohavegeeroulylettheiruortadecouragemetithewritigadreviioofthiwork.Firtadforemot,mydeeetgratitudegoetomydoctoraluerviorProf.YuDogmig.Herovidedmewiththoughtfuluggetiofromtherooaltagethroughtothefiihedroduct.Hiiightadguidacehaveerichedmykowledgeotolyithiieceofworkutalothroughoutmydoctoraltudy.Hirofoudkowledgeadrigorouattitudetowardacademicreearchhaveetmeagoodexamle,ecouragigmetoforgeaheadwithmyworkadreearch.IamidetedtoProf.HeZhaoxiog,Prof.XuYulog,Prof.ShuDigfag,Prof.MeiDemig,adProf.XuHaimigatShaghaiIteratioalStudieUiverity.Theirelighteigcoureadlecturehavetretchedmythikigadroadeedmyerective.IamalothakfultomyclamateatSISUfortheirheladiiratio.MyecialthakgotoCheZhegadZhouE,withwhomIhadalotofacademicdicuioadfromwhoekowledgeharigIhaveeefitedtremedouly.Ialowattohowmygratitudetomyfamilyfortheirlove,uortadudertadigdurigthiacademicjourey.Lat,utottheleat,IwihtoextedmyheartfeltthaktotheleaderhiteamattheSchoolofLaguage,ShaghaiUiverityofIteratioalBuieadEcoomicfortheirheladuort,adtheeditorofShaghaiJiaoTogUiverityPrefortheircarefuladefficieteditigjo,whichguarateethequalityofthiook.LitofAreviatio1.AreviatioofChieeComaie'NameCCB-ChiaCotructioBakCororatioChiaAgri-ChiaAgri-idutrieHoldigLimitedChiaFood-ChiaFoodLimitedChiaLife-ChiaLifeIuraceComayLimitedChiaShehua-ChiaShehuaEergyComayLimitedCITIC-ChiaCITICBakCororatioLimitedCMB-ChiaMerchatBakCo.,Ltd.CPIC-ChiaPacificIurace（Grou）Co.,LtdDigitalChia-DigitalChiaHoldigLimitedDogfeg-DogfegMotorGrouComayLimitedGeely-GeelyAutomoileHoldigLimitedGreatWall-GreatWallMotorComayLimitedMegiu-ChiaMegiuDairyComayLimitedPetroChia-PetroChiaComayLimitedPigA-PigAIurace（Grou）ComayofChia,Ltd.Sioec-ChiaPetroleumamChemicalCororatioTecet-TecetHoldigLimitedZTE-ZTECororatio2.AreviatioofAmericaComaie'NameADM-ArcherDaielMidladComayAeta-AetaIc.AIG-AmericaIteratioalGrou,Ic.Alltate-AlltateCororatioBakofAmerica-BakofAmericaCororatioChevro-ChevroCororatioCitigrou-CitigrouIc.Coca-Cola-TheCoca-ColaComayCoocoPhilli-CoocoPhilliCo.Ford-FordMotorComayGM-GeeralMotorComayHP-Hewlett-PackardComayItel-ItelCororatioMicrooft-MicrooftCororatioPeiCo-PeiCoIc.TRW-TRWAutomotiveHoldigValero-ValeroEergyCororatio3.AreviatioofMetadicoureTermIterv-iteractivereourceCG-codegloEM-edohoricmarkerEV-evidetialFM-framemarkerTR-traitioItera-iteractioalreourceAM-attitudemarkerBO-ooterENM-egagemetmarkerHE-hedgeSM-elfmetio4.OtherAreviatioCAR-cororateaualreortCL-chairma'letterLitofTaleLitofTaleChaterOeItroductioCommuicatiolayaeetialroleitoday'cororatedailyoeratio.Olythrougheffectivecommuicatio,whetherwritteoroke,caauieeureitmeageiclearlyudertoodadthuroducetheoutcomeithaexected.Fiacialcommuicatio,eeciallyitheformoffiacialdicloure,haecomeacrucialcomoetofcororatecommuicatio.Moderuieededicateagreatdealoftimeadreourcetofiacialdicloure,i.e.theeriodicreortigoftheirfiacialreult.Althoughuliclytradedcomaieimaycoutriearelegallyrequiredtoreorttheirfiacialiformatioatregulariterval,thityeoffiacialcommuicatiohatakeogreaterigificaceithewakeofomehigh-rofilefiacialcadal（uchaEro）adtheloofcofideceithefiacialmarketduetotheo-goigegativeeffectofthegloalfiacialcriithatrokei2008.Fromtheliguiticerective,thereetreearchfocueotheeruaivedimeiooffiacialdiclouredicoure,whichhairecetyearreceivedmuchattetiofromwetercholarworkigithefieldofdicoureaduiecommuicatiotudie.Ithichater,aoverviewofthereearchwillegive,icludigthereearchackgroud,theratioaleforthereearch,thereearchojective,omekeyotioawellatheorgaizatiooftheook.1.1ReearchBackgroudDurigthelatthreedecade,cororatefiacialdicloureracticehaveeeicreaiglyivetigatedfromavarietyoferective.Scholarithefieldofaccoutigadfiacehaverecogizedtheimortaceofliguiticadtextualdataievaluatigthequalityoffiacialdicloureadredictigmarketetimetadecurityrice.Theiriteretithelaguageuedifiacialtextcovergewiththereearchofcholarithefieldofliguiticadaociateddicilie,whohaveexloreduchiuealiguiticfeature,gerecovetio,adcommuicatiotrategieofdifferetgereoffiacialdicloure.Swale（1990:58）giveadetaileddefiitioofgere,iwhichthecommuicativeuroecotitutetheratioaleforaecificgere:Agerecomrieaclaofcommuicativeevet,thememerofwhichhareomeetofcommuicativeuroe.Theeuroearerecogizedytheexertmemerofthearetdicourecommuity,adthereycotitutetheratioaleforthegere.Thiratioalehaethechematictructureofthedicoureadiflueceadcotraichoiceofcotetadtyle.Commuicativeuroeiotharivilegedcriterioadoethatoeratetokeethecoeofagereaherecoceivedarrowlyfocuedocomaralerhetoricalactio.Fromtheaoveiterretatioofgere,omekeyarametercaeidetified:aclaofcommuicativeevet,haredcommuicativeuroe,adaecificdicourecommuity.Ithecororatecotext,afiacialdiclouregereiuedythecororatecommuityfortheuroeofreortigfiacialreulttotheirtakeholder,i.e.hareholder,ivetor,cutomer,emloyee,awellathegeeralulic.Commofiacialdiclouregereicludeaualreort,cororaterereleae（eeciallyitheformofearigreleae）,earigaoucemet,hareholdercircular,etc.Itoday'uiecotext,theefiacialgereareuedmorethaimlytocommuicatefiacialiformatio,adthuimotcaecaotecategorizedamerelyiformative.ABhatia（2010:39）utit,cororatediclouredocumet"eemtoechagigitheirfuctiofrom'iformigadreortig'toicreaigly'romotig'thecomaieyatrategicuderlayigofcororateweakee".Ihitudyoftheiterdicurivityofaualreortroducedy15HogKogStockExchagelitedcomaie,Bhatia（iid.）idetifiefourditicttyeofdicourewithiaaualreort,amelyaccoutigdicoure,dicoureofecoomic,ulicrelatiodicoure,adlegaldicoure.Themajorartofatyicalaualreortcouldecharacterizedaaccoutigdicoure,aedothecomay'fiacialerformaceoftherecedigficalyear.Theaccoutigdicouremailycoitofvariouumeradcalculatiodilayeditheformoftaleadgrah,whichhaveeecertifiedyulicaccoutattoetrueadhoetrereetatiooftherofitadloeofthecororatioiquetio.Thedicoureofecoomicuuallycotitutethefiacialreviewectioofaaualreort.Itofferadicuioadaalyioffactadfiguregiveitheaccoutigectio.However,thikidofiterretatioofaccoutigiformatio"mayoteacoitetadtruerereetatioofthetatiticaliformatio"（iid.:41）,admayemaiulatedtoudertatearelativelyweakcororateerformaceadtorojectaromiigfutureoutlook.Theulicrelatiodicoure,ofteitheformof"alettertohareholder"or"chairma'tatemet",ummarizigthecomay'aterformaceadgivigredictioaoutfuturedevelomet,rimarilyeektoromoteaoitivecororateimage.Legaldicoure,whichformamajorartofdiclaimer,caeuedtodiclaimiformatiodicloediaaualreort.Amogtheefourtyeofdicoure,theaccoutigdicoureadulicrelatiodicourereflecttwoditictcororateractice,i.e.,legallyrequiredaccoutigrocedureadulicrelatioactivitie.AccordigtoBhatia（iid.:45）,"ylacigulicrelatiodicourewithitheocio-ragmaticaceoftheaccoutigdicoure,thereaderareecouragedtodrawoitiveimlicatiofromthiiterdicuriveroximity".Similarledofiformatioaladromotioaldicourehaveeefoudiotherfiacialgere,icludigcororaterereleae,earigcalladearigreetatio（McLareGurǎu,2005Maat,2007Hery,2008CrawfordCamiciottoli,2010aetc.）.Foritace,Maat（2007）fidevideceofromotioallaguageitheformofevaluativeaditeifyigadjectiveicororaterereleae.Hery（2008）idetifieutleromotioaltechiqueiearigreleae,uchatheelectivetextualcommetaryofdatareetediumericalform,highlightigolyoitivetredwhileigorigegativeoe.CrawfordCamiciottoli（2010）ivetigatetheearigcallofomemajormultiatioallitedotheUStockmarket.Sheoteatrogromotioaladeruaiveudercurretitheexecutive-eeche,iwhichtheyemhaizedtheoitivereultadexreedotimimforthefuture.Alltheetudieuggetthateveiffiacialdiclouregereexittoreortojectivedata,theyalohaveauderlyigromotioaladeruaivedimeio,whichitheujectofthereettudy.1.2RatioaleforthePreetStudyItiimoiletomakeathoroughivetigatiooallortoffiacialdiclouregereithiook.Thereetreearchfocueooeofthemotcommoadwell-etalihedwrittefiacialgere-cororateaualreort（CAR）,whichiuedylitedcomaietodicloetheirfiacialiformatiodurigtheatficalyear.AtyicalCARcoitofeveralectio.Somearemailytechicaladumerical（uchafiacialtatemet）,whichhaveeeauditedyulicaccoutatwhileotherectio（uchachairma'letter,maagemet'dicuioadaalyi,etc.）aremorearrativeaddecritive,likelytoemaiulatedtoromotetheoitivereultofaecificcomayoatoeruadereaderofitoudeadfutureworth（Bhatia,2010Malavai,2006,2007）.Forreaderwithlimitedkilliaalyzigfiacialtatemet,theytedtorefertothearrativeectio,whichmayiflueceivetmetdeciioytrategiclaguageueadthuarethefocuofthereetreearch.Aamatteroffact,aumerofwetertudiehaveexamiedthearrativeortioofCAR.EarlyreearchmailycetereduothereadailityofthearrativewithiCAR,adotigformula-aedaroachetodetermiewhethermeagewerewritteatalevelthatieyodthefluetcomreheiooftheiritededaudiece（PahaliaCriy,1950SoerDolhi,1964SmithSmith,1971Poud,1980Parker,1982Courti,1986）.Someothertudiehaveivetigatedthereadailityofaualreorttexttodetermieifcomaiewithgoodadadfiacialrecorddifferitheirreadigeae（Courti,1986aSmithTaffler,1992Suramaiaetal.,1993）.Theetudieuggetthatcomaiewithoorrecordattemttocoverutheirerformacewithocurelaguage,whilethearrativeiCARofgooderformerareeaiertoreadthathoeofoorerformer.Fromthe1980,ometudieegatoadotcotetaalyiatheaalyticaltooltoroeitothearrativeofCAR（uchaIgramFrazier,1983Bowma,1984McCoelletal.,1986Swale,1988KohutSegar,1992etc.）.IgramadFrazier（1983）idetifyeightthemeyuigwordfrequecyivetigatioithereide'letteradmaagemetaalyiectioofaualreortithreeidutrie.Theyfidalogicalrelatiohietweethemeadfiacialcharacteritic.Forexamle,morerofitalecomaiereferrelativelyfrequetlytofuturegrowthadlefrequetlytoretructurigla.Bowma（1984）decrietheoileueofcotetaalyiofaualreortforcororatetrategyivetigatio.ThereearchhowthatCEOhaverecogizedthemarketigigificaceoftheirmeage.KohutadSegar（1992）examiethecotetofthereidet'letterithehighetadloweterformigcomaieoftheFortue500adfidthatcommuicatiotrategiedifferitermofujectemhaized.ThereultofthireearchuggetthatfiacialerformaceifluecethemaeriwhichCEOreortaualcororatereult.Later,tudieothearrativeofCARhaveecomemorediverified,admoreliguiticaddicurivetudieemerged,eeciallyfromthe1990.Skultad（1996）exloretherhetoricalorgaizatioofchairma'tatemetiaualreortiuedyBritihcomaiewithiSwale'（1990）gereaalyiframework.HerooetheRelatiohiadCofidecemodelthativolvethreemove:etalihigtherelatiohietweethechairma/comayadthereader,maitaiigcofidece,adreiforcigtherelatiohialreadyetalihed.HireearchiamogtheearlietattemtthativetigatetherhetoricalfeatureofthearrativeiCAR.Hylad（1998a）alomakeavalualecotriutiotothilieofreearch.HefocueotheroleofmetadicoureiCEO'lettertohareholderadexlorehowCEOattemttoifluecethereader'ercetioadrojectaoitiveeroaladcororateimage.OtherrelateddicurivetudieworthmetioigicludeThoma（1997）,Rutherford（2005）adAmericetal.（2007）.BaedoHalliday'SytemicFuctioalLiguitic,Thoma（1997）examiethevertructure,thematictructure,cotextadcoheio,adcodeatioofthemaagemet试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]点击下载...

2022-04-03 语料库文体学 参考语料库

作者：胡璇出版社：上海交通大学出版社格式:AZW3,DOCX,EPUB,MOBI,PDF,TXT财务披露体裁的劝说维度（英文版）试读：前言现代企业将大量的时间和资源用于财务信息披露，即定期对外公布财务业绩。财务披露已成为现代企业交流活动的一个重要组成部分。在过去的30多年中，有越来越多的学者从一系列不同的视角对企业的财务披露实践进行了研究。从语言使用的视角出发，语言学等相关领域的研究者们对各类财务披露体裁的语言特点、交际策略等问题进行了探讨。在今天的商务背景下，财务披露体裁的功能不仅在于交流财务信息，因此不能简单地将其定义为信息类体裁。事实上，许多西方学者通过语言和话语研究，已经发现了各类财务披露文件具有潜在的宣传和劝说倾向。然而，国内学者尚未对这一领域的研究给予足够的关注，相关研究十分有限。本书研究企业年度报告这一最为常见的书面财务披露体裁。上市公司运用该体裁披露上一财年的财务信息。企业年度报告通常篇幅较长，由若干部分组成。其中一些部分主要是专业性的数据信息，例如财务报表；而另一些部分则主要由叙述性话语组成，例如主席函件、管理层分析与讨论等。这些话语可能被作者操纵，宣传公司正面的财务业绩和表现，从而使读者相信该公司良好的财务状况和未来价值。本书聚焦主席函件这一典型的年报叙述性话语，探讨这一类话语的劝说维度。本研究建立了中英文两个小型语料库：中文语料库由中国内地18家上市公司的54封主席函件组成；英文语料库由美国18家上市公司的54封主席函件组成。文本取自这些上市公司2010至2012年的年度报告。通过应用ESP（EglihforSecificPuroe）学派的体裁分析理论、古典修辞学的劝说模式以及Hylad（2005）的元话语人际模型，本书探讨了中美主席函件的语步结构（movetructure）以及两组语料为实现劝说目的所使用的语言手段。此外，还结合两国的社会文化语境，对研究中发现的跨文化异同进行了讨论。通过语步结构分析，发现中美主席函件呈现出相同的六语步结构。但是，在各语步（move）及相应步骤（te）的出现频率上存在差异。研究结果显示，尽管从表面看来主席函件实现提供信息这一交际目的，但是其同时也执行潜在的劝说功能。虽然中美主席函件在各语步的实现策略方面存在一定的差异，但共性似乎更多，体现了全球化背景下中美上市公司共有的交际实践。对中美主席函件中所使用的元话语标记语的分析表明，这些标记语在构建劝说方面发挥着重要的作用。中美公司高管都使用了各类元话语手段实现古典修辞学的三种劝说模式：逻辑诉求（logo）、信誉诉求（etho）以及情感诉求（atho），从而提升语篇的整体说服力。但是，中美主席函件所使用的大部分元话语标记语的频率和分布呈现明显不同的特点，表明两组语料在实现劝说的方式上存在明显的跨文化差异。结合相关的社会认知和文化研究，本书还对上述研究中出现的主要跨文化差异做了进一步的讨论。本书具有一定的理论和实践意义。从理论角度看，本书证明了在对劝说的研究中综合运用体裁分析理论、古典修辞学理论以及元话语理论的有效性。该分析框架可应用于其他财务披露体裁的研究。从实践角度看，本书可以帮助企业财务文件的读者培养一种批判意识，让他们认识到这些文件往往有较为隐蔽并且不易察觉的劝说倾向。另外，本书也可以帮助人们更好地理解中美企业的交流实践，为跨文化商务交流提供一定的启示。从教学视角来说，本书可以帮助商务、金融等相关学科专业的学生更好地认识财务话语中所使用的修辞策略，帮助他们提高阅读和写作这类财务文本的能力，从而为他们将来的职业实践做好准备。同时本书也可以为更新商务交流等课程的教学材料提供新的资源。本书的研究成果主要来自本人2015年初完成的博士论文。在此，首先要感谢我的博士导师俞东明教授。在三年多的博士学习生涯中，俞老师悉心指导我的学业和论文，在论文选题、研究方法和写作思路等诸多方面都给了我细致深入的指导和建议。俞老师渊博的学识和严谨的治学精神是我终生学习的榜样，激励着我在学术道路上不断前行。感谢上海外国语大学的何兆熊教授、许余龙教授、束定芳教授、梅德明教授、徐海铭教授。在攻读博士期间，我有幸聆听了他们的课程、讲座或指导，开阔了我的学术视野，拓展了我的研究思路。感谢同窗陈征、周恩等同学给予我的帮助和启发，与他们一起的各种学术讨论和分享让我受益良多。同时也要感谢我的父母和家人在读博期间给予我的理解、鼓励和支持，让我能够全身心地投入到学业之中。本书最终能够顺利出版，还要感谢上海对外经贸大学国际商务外语学院领导的关心与支持，感谢上海交通大学出版社各位编辑老师认真高效的工作，为本书的文字和编校质量提供了保证。PrefaceModeruieededicateagreatdealoftimeadreourcetofiacialdicloure,i.e.theeriodicreortigoftheirfiacialreult.Ithaecomeacrucialcomoetofcororatecommuicatio.Durigthelatthreedecadeoro,cororatefiacialdicloureracticehaveeeicreaiglyivetigatedfromavarietyofagle.Fromtheerectiveoflaguageue,cholarithefieldofliguiticadaociateddiciliehaveexloreduchiuealiguiticfeatureadcommuicatiotrategieofdifferetgereoffiacialdicloure.Itoday'uiecotext,fiacialdiclouregereareofteuedmorethaimlytocommuicatefiacialiformatio,adthucaotecategorizedamerelyiformative.Aamatteroffact,maywetercholarhavedetectedtheuderlyigromotioaladeruaivetedecyofvarioucororatediclouredocumetthroughliguiticaddicouretudie.However,littleattetiohaeeaidtothireearchfieldydometiccholar,relatedtudieeigverylimited.Thiookiquireitooeofthemotcommowrittefiacialgere-cororateaualreort（CAR）,whichiuedylitedcomaietodicloetheirfiacialiformatiodurigtheatficalyear.AtyicalCARialegthydocumetwhichcoitofeveralectio.Somearemailytechicaladumerical（uchafiacialtatemet）whileotherectio（uchachairma'letter,maagemet'dicuioadaalyi,etc.）aremorearrativeaddecritive,likelytoemaiulatedtoromotetheoitivereultofacomayoatoeruadereaderofitoudeadfutureworth.Thiookfocueochairma'letter（CL）,atyicalarrativeectiowithiCAR,adlookitotheeruaivedimeioofthityeofdicoure.Twomallcororahaveeeuiltforthireearch,oeicludig54CLiuedy18mailadChieelitedcomaieadtheothercotaiig54CLreleaedy18USlitedcomaie.TheCLareextractedfromtheaualreortulihedytheecomaieetweetheyearof2010ad2012.DrawigoESPSchool'gereaalyitheory,themeaoferuaioiclaicalrhetoricadHylad'（2005）ItereroalModelofMetadicoure,theookfirtexlorethemovetructureoftheAmericaadChieetext,adtheexamietheliguiticdeviceuedithetwoetofdataforaccomlihigtheeruaiveed.Beide,cro-culturalimilaritieadvariatioidetifieditheiquiryaredicuedwithithetwoocio-culturalcotext.Throughthemovetructureaalyi,itcaefoudthattheAmericaadChieeCLexhiitaideticalix-movetructure,utvariatioexitithefrequecieoftheixmoveadtheircorreodigte.FidigidicatethatothAmericaadChieeCLerformauderlyigeruaivefuctiothoughtheeletteraeartoerveaiformativeitetio.Deitethediffereceetweethetwocororaithetrategiethatrealizeeachmove,theimilaritieeemtodomiate,uggetigharedcommuicatioracticeofAmericaadChieelitedcomaieithecotextofgloalizatio.TheaalyiofthemetadicouremarkerueditheAmericaadChieeCLrevealthattheemarkerlayaimortatroleithecotructiooferuaio.TheyarewidelyemloyedyothAmericaadChieeexecutivetorealizethethreemeaoferuaioiclaicalrhetoric-logo,etho,adatho,thereyehacigtheoveralleruaiveeofthoeletter.However,thefrequecieadditriutioofmotoftheemarkerdilayquitedifferetcharacteriticithetwocorora,whichdemotrateotalecro-culturalvariatioithewayofattaiigeruaio.Themajorcro-culturalvariatioidetifieditheaoveivetigatioarefurtherdicuedyreferrigtoomereviouocio-cogitiveadculturaltudie.Thiookhaeveralimlicatio,fromoththetheoreticaladracticalerective.Theoretically,ithavalidatedtheeffectiveeofcomiiggereaalyitheory,claicalrhetoricadmetadicourereearchitheivetigatiooferuaio.Thiaalyticalframeworkcaeadotedtoroeitootherfiacialdiclouregereifuturetudie.Practically,thiookcahelcoumerofcororatefiacialdocumetdeveloacriticalee,makigviiletothemtheofteutleeruaiveudercurretiuchtext.Beide,italorovideiightitothecororatecommuicatioracticeiChieeadAmericaocio-culturalcotext,thucotriutigtothecro-culturaluiecommuicatio.Fromtheedagogicalerective,thiookmayheltudetmajorigiuie,fiaceadotherrelateddicilieecomemoreawareoftherhetoricaltrategieemloyedifiacialdicoure,whichmayimrovetheircaailitieofreadigadwritigtheetextadheceetterrearethemfortheirfuturerofeioalractice.Aditcaaloofferewiuttoudatetheteachigmaterialofuchcoureauiecommuicatio.Thereearchicludedithiookmailycomefrommydoctoraldiertatiocomletedi2015.Uoitulicatio,Iwouldliketoexremyareciatiotomayeolewhohavegeeroulylettheiruortadecouragemetithewritigadreviioofthiwork.Firtadforemot,mydeeetgratitudegoetomydoctoraluerviorProf.YuDogmig.Herovidedmewiththoughtfuluggetiofromtherooaltagethroughtothefiihedroduct.Hiiightadguidacehaveerichedmykowledgeotolyithiieceofworkutalothroughoutmydoctoraltudy.Hirofoudkowledgeadrigorouattitudetowardacademicreearchhaveetmeagoodexamle,ecouragigmetoforgeaheadwithmyworkadreearch.IamidetedtoProf.HeZhaoxiog,Prof.XuYulog,Prof.ShuDigfag,Prof.MeiDemig,adProf.XuHaimigatShaghaiIteratioalStudieUiverity.Theirelighteigcoureadlecturehavetretchedmythikigadroadeedmyerective.IamalothakfultomyclamateatSISUfortheirheladiiratio.MyecialthakgotoCheZhegadZhouE,withwhomIhadalotofacademicdicuioadfromwhoekowledgeharigIhaveeefitedtremedouly.Ialowattohowmygratitudetomyfamilyfortheirlove,uortadudertadigdurigthiacademicjourey.Lat,utottheleat,IwihtoextedmyheartfeltthaktotheleaderhiteamattheSchoolofLaguage,ShaghaiUiverityofIteratioalBuieadEcoomicfortheirheladuort,adtheeditorofShaghaiJiaoTogUiverityPrefortheircarefuladefficieteditigjo,whichguarateethequalityofthiook.LitofAreviatio1.AreviatioofChieeComaie'NameCCB-ChiaCotructioBakCororatioChiaAgri-ChiaAgri-idutrieHoldigLimitedChiaFood-ChiaFoodLimitedChiaLife-ChiaLifeIuraceComayLimitedChiaShehua-ChiaShehuaEergyComayLimitedCITIC-ChiaCITICBakCororatioLimitedCMB-ChiaMerchatBakCo.,Ltd.CPIC-ChiaPacificIurace（Grou）Co.,LtdDigitalChia-DigitalChiaHoldigLimitedDogfeg-DogfegMotorGrouComayLimitedGeely-GeelyAutomoileHoldigLimitedGreatWall-GreatWallMotorComayLimitedMegiu-ChiaMegiuDairyComayLimitedPetroChia-PetroChiaComayLimitedPigA-PigAIurace（Grou）ComayofChia,Ltd.Sioec-ChiaPetroleumamChemicalCororatioTecet-TecetHoldigLimitedZTE-ZTECororatio2.AreviatioofAmericaComaie'NameADM-ArcherDaielMidladComayAeta-AetaIc.AIG-AmericaIteratioalGrou,Ic.Alltate-AlltateCororatioBakofAmerica-BakofAmericaCororatioChevro-ChevroCororatioCitigrou-CitigrouIc.Coca-Cola-TheCoca-ColaComayCoocoPhilli-CoocoPhilliCo.Ford-FordMotorComayGM-GeeralMotorComayHP-Hewlett-PackardComayItel-ItelCororatioMicrooft-MicrooftCororatioPeiCo-PeiCoIc.TRW-TRWAutomotiveHoldigValero-ValeroEergyCororatio3.AreviatioofMetadicoureTermIterv-iteractivereourceCG-codegloEM-edohoricmarkerEV-evidetialFM-framemarkerTR-traitioItera-iteractioalreourceAM-attitudemarkerBO-ooterENM-egagemetmarkerHE-hedgeSM-elfmetio4.OtherAreviatioCAR-cororateaualreortCL-chairma'letterLitofTaleLitofTaleChaterOeItroductioCommuicatiolayaeetialroleitoday'cororatedailyoeratio.Olythrougheffectivecommuicatio,whetherwritteoroke,caauieeureitmeageiclearlyudertoodadthuroducetheoutcomeithaexected.Fiacialcommuicatio,eeciallyitheformoffiacialdicloure,haecomeacrucialcomoetofcororatecommuicatio.Moderuieededicateagreatdealoftimeadreourcetofiacialdicloure,i.e.theeriodicreortigoftheirfiacialreult.Althoughuliclytradedcomaieimaycoutriearelegallyrequiredtoreorttheirfiacialiformatioatregulariterval,thityeoffiacialcommuicatiohatakeogreaterigificaceithewakeofomehigh-rofilefiacialcadal（uchaEro）adtheloofcofideceithefiacialmarketduetotheo-goigegativeeffectofthegloalfiacialcriithatrokei2008.Fromtheliguiticerective,thereetreearchfocueotheeruaivedimeiooffiacialdiclouredicoure,whichhairecetyearreceivedmuchattetiofromwetercholarworkigithefieldofdicoureaduiecommuicatiotudie.Ithichater,aoverviewofthereearchwillegive,icludigthereearchackgroud,theratioaleforthereearch,thereearchojective,omekeyotioawellatheorgaizatiooftheook.1.1ReearchBackgroudDurigthelatthreedecade,cororatefiacialdicloureracticehaveeeicreaiglyivetigatedfromavarietyoferective.Scholarithefieldofaccoutigadfiacehaverecogizedtheimortaceofliguiticadtextualdataievaluatigthequalityoffiacialdicloureadredictigmarketetimetadecurityrice.Theiriteretithelaguageuedifiacialtextcovergewiththereearchofcholarithefieldofliguiticadaociateddicilie,whohaveexloreduchiuealiguiticfeature,gerecovetio,adcommuicatiotrategieofdifferetgereoffiacialdicloure.Swale（1990:58）giveadetaileddefiitioofgere,iwhichthecommuicativeuroecotitutetheratioaleforaecificgere:Agerecomrieaclaofcommuicativeevet,thememerofwhichhareomeetofcommuicativeuroe.Theeuroearerecogizedytheexertmemerofthearetdicourecommuity,adthereycotitutetheratioaleforthegere.Thiratioalehaethechematictructureofthedicoureadiflueceadcotraichoiceofcotetadtyle.Commuicativeuroeiotharivilegedcriterioadoethatoeratetokeethecoeofagereaherecoceivedarrowlyfocuedocomaralerhetoricalactio.Fromtheaoveiterretatioofgere,omekeyarametercaeidetified:aclaofcommuicativeevet,haredcommuicativeuroe,adaecificdicourecommuity.Ithecororatecotext,afiacialdiclouregereiuedythecororatecommuityfortheuroeofreortigfiacialreulttotheirtakeholder,i.e.hareholder,ivetor,cutomer,emloyee,awellathegeeralulic.Commofiacialdiclouregereicludeaualreort,cororaterereleae（eeciallyitheformofearigreleae）,earigaoucemet,hareholdercircular,etc.Itoday'uiecotext,theefiacialgereareuedmorethaimlytocommuicatefiacialiformatio,adthuimotcaecaotecategorizedamerelyiformative.ABhatia（2010:39）utit,cororatediclouredocumet"eemtoechagigitheirfuctiofrom'iformigadreortig'toicreaigly'romotig'thecomaieyatrategicuderlayigofcororateweakee".Ihitudyoftheiterdicurivityofaualreortroducedy15HogKogStockExchagelitedcomaie,Bhatia（iid.）idetifiefourditicttyeofdicourewithiaaualreort,amelyaccoutigdicoure,dicoureofecoomic,ulicrelatiodicoure,adlegaldicoure.Themajorartofatyicalaualreortcouldecharacterizedaaccoutigdicoure,aedothecomay'fiacialerformaceoftherecedigficalyear.Theaccoutigdicouremailycoitofvariouumeradcalculatiodilayeditheformoftaleadgrah,whichhaveeecertifiedyulicaccoutattoetrueadhoetrereetatiooftherofitadloeofthecororatioiquetio.Thedicoureofecoomicuuallycotitutethefiacialreviewectioofaaualreort.Itofferadicuioadaalyioffactadfiguregiveitheaccoutigectio.However,thikidofiterretatioofaccoutigiformatio"mayoteacoitetadtruerereetatioofthetatiticaliformatio"（iid.:41）,admayemaiulatedtoudertatearelativelyweakcororateerformaceadtorojectaromiigfutureoutlook.Theulicrelatiodicoure,ofteitheformof"alettertohareholder"or"chairma'tatemet",ummarizigthecomay'aterformaceadgivigredictioaoutfuturedevelomet,rimarilyeektoromoteaoitivecororateimage.Legaldicoure,whichformamajorartofdiclaimer,caeuedtodiclaimiformatiodicloediaaualreort.Amogtheefourtyeofdicoure,theaccoutigdicoureadulicrelatiodicourereflecttwoditictcororateractice,i.e.,legallyrequiredaccoutigrocedureadulicrelatioactivitie.AccordigtoBhatia（iid.:45）,"ylacigulicrelatiodicourewithitheocio-ragmaticaceoftheaccoutigdicoure,thereaderareecouragedtodrawoitiveimlicatiofromthiiterdicuriveroximity".Similarledofiformatioaladromotioaldicourehaveeefoudiotherfiacialgere,icludigcororaterereleae,earigcalladearigreetatio（McLareGurǎu,2005Maat,2007Hery,2008CrawfordCamiciottoli,2010aetc.）.Foritace,Maat（2007）fidevideceofromotioallaguageitheformofevaluativeaditeifyigadjectiveicororaterereleae.Hery（2008）idetifieutleromotioaltechiqueiearigreleae,uchatheelectivetextualcommetaryofdatareetediumericalform,highlightigolyoitivetredwhileigorigegativeoe.CrawfordCamiciottoli（2010）ivetigatetheearigcallofomemajormultiatioallitedotheUStockmarket.Sheoteatrogromotioaladeruaiveudercurretitheexecutive-eeche,iwhichtheyemhaizedtheoitivereultadexreedotimimforthefuture.Alltheetudieuggetthateveiffiacialdiclouregereexittoreortojectivedata,theyalohaveauderlyigromotioaladeruaivedimeio,whichitheujectofthereettudy.1.2RatioaleforthePreetStudyItiimoiletomakeathoroughivetigatiooallortoffiacialdiclouregereithiook.Thereetreearchfocueooeofthemotcommoadwell-etalihedwrittefiacialgere-cororateaualreort（CAR）,whichiuedylitedcomaietodicloetheirfiacialiformatiodurigtheatficalyear.AtyicalCARcoitofeveralectio.Somearemailytechicaladumerical（uchafiacialtatemet）,whichhaveeeauditedyulicaccoutatwhileotherectio（uchachairma'letter,maagemet'dicuioadaalyi,etc.）aremorearrativeaddecritive,likelytoemaiulatedtoromotetheoitivereultofaecificcomayoatoeruadereaderofitoudeadfutureworth（Bhatia,2010Malavai,2006,2007）.Forreaderwithlimitedkilliaalyzigfiacialtatemet,theytedtorefertothearrativeectio,whichmayiflueceivetmetdeciioytrategiclaguageueadthuarethefocuofthereetreearch.Aamatteroffact,aumerofwetertudiehaveexamiedthearrativeortioofCAR.EarlyreearchmailycetereduothereadailityofthearrativewithiCAR,adotigformula-aedaroachetodetermiewhethermeagewerewritteatalevelthatieyodthefluetcomreheiooftheiritededaudiece（PahaliaCriy,1950SoerDolhi,1964SmithSmith,1971Poud,1980Parker,1982Courti,1986）.Someothertudiehaveivetigatedthereadailityofaualreorttexttodetermieifcomaiewithgoodadadfiacialrecorddifferitheirreadigeae（Courti,1986aSmithTaffler,1992Suramaiaetal.,1993）.Theetudieuggetthatcomaiewithoorrecordattemttocoverutheirerformacewithocurelaguage,whilethearrativeiCARofgooderformerareeaiertoreadthathoeofoorerformer.Fromthe1980,ometudieegatoadotcotetaalyiatheaalyticaltooltoroeitothearrativeofCAR（uchaIgramFrazier,1983Bowma,1984McCoelletal.,1986Swale,1988KohutSegar,1992etc.）.IgramadFrazier（1983）idetifyeightthemeyuigwordfrequecyivetigatioithereide'letteradmaagemetaalyiectioofaualreortithreeidutrie.Theyfidalogicalrelatiohietweethemeadfiacialcharacteritic.Forexamle,morerofitalecomaiereferrelativelyfrequetlytofuturegrowthadlefrequetlytoretructurigla.Bowma（1984）decrietheoileueofcotetaalyiofaualreortforcororatetrategyivetigatio.ThereearchhowthatCEOhaverecogizedthemarketigigificaceoftheirmeage.KohutadSegar（1992）examiethecotetofthereidet'letterithehighetadloweterformigcomaieoftheFortue500adfidthatcommuicatiotrategiedifferitermofujectemhaized.ThereultofthireearchuggetthatfiacialerformaceifluecethemaeriwhichCEOreortaualcororatereult.Later,tudieothearrativeofCARhaveecomemorediverified,admoreliguiticaddicurivetudieemerged,eeciallyfromthe1990.Skultad（1996）exloretherhetoricalorgaizatioofchairma'tatemetiaualreortiuedyBritihcomaiewithiSwale'（1990）gereaalyiframework.HerooetheRelatiohiadCofidecemodelthativolvethreemove:etalihigtherelatiohietweethechairma/comayadthereader,maitaiigcofidece,adreiforcigtherelatiohialreadyetalihed.HireearchiamogtheearlietattemtthativetigatetherhetoricalfeatureofthearrativeiCAR.Hylad（1998a）alomakeavalualecotriutiotothilieofreearch.HefocueotheroleofmetadicoureiCEO'lettertohareholderadexlorehowCEOattemttoifluecethereader'ercetioadrojectaoitiveeroaladcororateimage.OtherrelateddicurivetudieworthmetioigicludeThoma（1997）,Rutherford（2005）adAmericetal.（2007）.BaedoHalliday'SytemicFuctioalLiguitic,Thoma（1997）examiethevertructure,thematictructure,cotextadcoheio,adcodeatioofthemaagemet试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]...

2022-04-04 语料库文体学 参考语料库